httpd에는 Apache HTTP Server의 버전, 컴파일 옵션, 로드된 모듈 등을 확인할 수 있는 몇 가지 옵션이 있습니다. 배포판이나 설치 방식에 따라 실행 파일 이름이 apache2인 경우도 있으니, 명령이 없다고 나오면 apache2 -v처럼 바꿔서 확인하면 됩니다.
버전과 빌드 정보 확인
1) httpd -v : 버전 번호 확인
$ httpd -v Server version: Apache/2.2.26 (Unix) Server built: Dec 10 2013 22:09:38
-v 옵션은 Apache httpd의 버전과 빌드 일시를 간단히 보여줍니다. 운영 중인 서버의 패치 수준을 빠르게 확인할 때 가장 먼저 사용하는 옵션입니다.
2) httpd -V : 컴파일 설정 확인
$ httpd -V
Server version: Apache/2.2.26 (Unix)
Server built: Dec 10 2013 22:09:38
Server's Module Magic Number: 20051115:33
Server loaded: APR 1.4.5, APR-Util 1.3.12
Compiled using: APR 1.4.5, APR-Util 1.3.12
Architecture: 64-bit
Server MPM: Prefork
threaded: no
forked: yes (variable process count)
Server compiled with....
-D APACHE_MPM_DIR="server/mpm/prefork"
-D APR_HAS_SENDFILE
-D APR_HAS_MMAP
-D APR_HAVE_IPV6 (IPv4-mapped addresses enabled)
-D APR_USE_FLOCK_SERIALIZE
-D APR_USE_PTHREAD_SERIALIZE
-D SINGLE_LISTEN_UNSERIALIZED_ACCEPT
-D APR_HAS_OTHER_CHILD
-D AP_HAVE_RELIABLE_PIPED_LOGS
-D DYNAMIC_MODULE_LIMIT=128
-D HTTPD_ROOT="/usr"
-D SUEXEC_BIN="/usr/bin/suexec"
-D DEFAULT_PIDLOG="/private/var/run/httpd.pid"
-D DEFAULT_SCOREBOARD="logs/apache_runtime_status"
-D DEFAULT_LOCKFILE="/private/var/run/accept.lock"
-D DEFAULT_ERRORLOG="logs/error_log"
-D AP_TYPES_CONFIG_FILE="/private/etc/apache2/mime.types"
-D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="/private/etc/apache2/httpd.conf"
-V 옵션은 버전뿐 아니라 MPM, 기본 설정 파일 경로, 컴파일 시 적용된 매크로까지 출력합니다. 특히 SERVER_CONFIG_FILE, HTTPD_ROOT, Server MPM 값은 설정 파일 위치나 동작 방식을 확인할 때 유용합니다.
모듈 확인
3) httpd -M : 로드된 모듈 확인
$ httpd -M Loaded Modules: core_module (static) mpm_prefork_module (static) http_module (static) so_module (static) authn_file_module (shared) authn_dbm_module (shared) authn_anon_module (shared) authn_dbd_module (shared) authn_default_module (shared) authz_host_module (shared) authz_groupfile_module (shared) authz_user_module (shared) authz_dbm_module (shared) authz_owner_module (shared) authz_default_module (shared) auth_basic_module (shared) auth_digest_module (shared) cache_module (shared) disk_cache_module (shared) mem_cache_module (shared) dbd_module (shared) dumpio_module (shared) reqtimeout_module (shared) ext_filter_module (shared) include_module (shared) filter_module (shared) substitute_module (shared) deflate_module (shared) log_config_module (shared) log_forensic_module (shared) logio_module (shared) env_module (shared) mime_magic_module (shared) cern_meta_module (shared) expires_module (shared) headers_module (shared) ident_module (shared) usertrack_module (shared) setenvif_module (shared) version_module (shared) proxy_module (shared) proxy_connect_module (shared) proxy_ftp_module (shared) proxy_http_module (shared) proxy_scgi_module (shared) proxy_ajp_module (shared) proxy_balancer_module (shared) ssl_module (shared) mime_module (shared) dav_module (shared) status_module (shared) autoindex_module (shared) asis_module (shared) info_module (shared) cgi_module (shared) dav_fs_module (shared) vhost_alias_module (shared) negotiation_module (shared) dir_module (shared) imagemap_module (shared) actions_module (shared) speling_module (shared) userdir_module (shared) alias_module (shared) rewrite_module (shared) hfs_apple_module (shared) Syntax OK
-M은 현재 설정을 기준으로 로드되는 모듈 목록을 보여줍니다. 출력에서 (static)은 httpd 바이너리에 정적으로 포함된 모듈이고, (shared)는 설정을 통해 동적으로 로드되는 모듈입니다. 예를 들어 리라이트 규칙이 동작하지 않을 때 rewrite_module이 있는지 확인하는 식으로 활용할 수 있습니다.
4) httpd -l : 컴파일된 정적 모듈 목록 확인
$ httpd -l Compiled in modules: core.c prefork.c http_core.c mod_so.c
-l은 바이너리에 정적으로 컴파일된 모듈만 보여줍니다. 동적으로 로드되는 공유 모듈까지 확인하려면 위의 -M 옵션을 사용하는 편이 더 정확합니다.
설정 지시어 확인
5) httpd -L : 사용할 수 있는 설정 지시어 목록 확인
httpd -L
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, or and in .htaccess
when AllowOverride includes AuthConfig
AuthName (core.c)
The authentication realm (e.g. "Members Only")
Allowed in *.conf only inside , or and in .htaccess
when AllowOverride includes AuthConfig
Require (core.c)
Selects which authenticated users or groups may access a protected space
Allowed in *.conf only inside , or and in .htaccess
when AllowOverride includes AuthConfig
Satisfy (core.c)
access policy if both allow and require used ('all' or 'any')
Allowed in *.conf only inside , or and in .htaccess
when AllowOverride includes AuthConfig
AddDefaultCharset (core.c)
The name of the default charset to add to any Content-Type without one or 'Off' to disable
Allowed in *.conf anywhere and in .htaccess
when AllowOverride includes FileInfo
AcceptPathInfo (core.c)
Set to on or off for PATH_INFO to be accepted by handlers, or default for the per-handler preference
Allowed in *.conf anywhere and in .htaccess
when AllowOverride includes FileInfo
AccessFileName (core.c)
Name(s) of per-directory config files (default: .htaccess)
Allowed in *.conf only outside , or
DocumentRoot (core.c)
Root directory of the document tree
Allowed in *.conf only outside , or
ErrorDocument (core.c)
Change responses for HTTP errors
Allowed in *.conf anywhere and in .htaccess
when AllowOverride includes FileInfo
AllowOverride (core.c)
Controls what groups of directives can be configured by per-directory config files
Allowed in *.conf only inside , or
Options (core.c)
Set a number of attributes for a given directory
Allowed in *.conf anywhere and in .htaccess
when AllowOverride includes Options
DefaultType (core.c)
the default MIME type for untypable files
Allowed in *.conf anywhere and in .htaccess
when AllowOverride includes FileInfo
FileETag (core.c)
Specify components used to construct a file's ETag
Allowed in *.conf anywhere and in .htaccess
when AllowOverride includes FileInfo
EnableMMAP (core.c)
Controls whether memory-mapping may be used to read files
Allowed in *.conf anywhere and in .htaccess
when AllowOverride includes FileInfo
EnableSendfile (core.c)
Controls whether sendfile may be used to transmit files
Allowed in *.conf anywhere and in .htaccess
when AllowOverride includes FileInfo
Protocol (core.c)
Set the Protocol for httpd to use.
Allowed in *.conf only outside , or
AcceptFilter (core.c)
Set the Accept Filter to use for a protocol
Allowed in *.conf only outside , or
Port (core.c)
Port was replaced with Listen in Apache 2.0
Allowed in *.conf only outside , or
HostnameLookups (core.c)
"on" to enable, "off" to disable reverse DNS lookups, or "double" to enable double-reverse DNS lookups
Allowed in *.conf anywhere
ServerAdmin (core.c)
The email address of the server administrator
Allowed in *.conf only outside , or
ServerName (core.c)
The hostname and port of the server
Allowed in *.conf only outside , or
ServerSignature (core.c)
En-/disable server signature (on|off|email)
Allowed in *.conf anywhere and in .htaccess
when AllowOverride isn't None
ServerRoot (core.c)
Common directory of server-related files (logs, confs, etc.)
Allowed in *.conf only outside , or
ErrorLog (core.c)
The filename of the error log
Allowed in *.conf only outside , or
ServerAlias (core.c)
A name or names alternately used to access the server
Allowed in *.conf only outside , or
ServerPath (core.c)
The pathname the server can be reached at
Allowed in *.conf only outside , or
Timeout (core.c)
Timeout duration (sec)
Allowed in *.conf only outside , or
ContentDigest (core.c)
whether or not to send a Content-MD5 header with each request
Allowed in *.conf anywhere and in .htaccess
when AllowOverride includes Options
UseCanonicalName (core.c)
How to work out the ServerName : Port when constructing URLs
Allowed in *.conf anywhere
UseCanonicalPhysicalPort (core.c)
Whether to use the physical Port when constructing URLs
Allowed in *.conf anywhere
Include (core.c)
Name of the config file to be included
Allowed in *.conf anywhere
LogLevel (core.c)
Level of verbosity in error logging
Allowed in *.conf only outside , or
NameVirtualHost (core.c)
A numeric IP address:port, or the name of a host
Allowed in *.conf only outside , or
ServerTokens (core.c)
Determine tokens displayed in the Server: header - Min(imal), OS or Full
Allowed in *.conf only outside , or
LimitRequestLine (core.c)
Limit on maximum size of an HTTP request line
Allowed in *.conf only outside , or
LimitRequestFieldsize (core.c)
Limit on maximum size of an HTTP request header field
Allowed in *.conf only outside , or
LimitRequestFields (core.c)
Limit (0 = unlimited) on max number of header fields in a request message
Allowed in *.conf only outside , or
LimitRequestBody (core.c)
Limit (in bytes) on maximum size of request message body
Allowed in *.conf anywhere and in .htaccess
when AllowOverride isn't None
LimitXMLRequestBody (core.c)
Limit (in bytes) on maximum size of an XML-based request body
Allowed in *.conf anywhere and in .htaccess
when AllowOverride isn't None
MaxRanges (core.c)
Maximum number of Ranges in a request before returning the entire resource, or 0 for unlimited
Allowed in *.conf anywhere
RLimitCPU (core.c)
Soft/hard limits for max CPU usage in seconds
Allowed in *.conf anywhere and in .htaccess
when AllowOverride isn't None
RLimitMEM (core.c)
Soft/hard limits for max memory usage per process
Allowed in *.conf anywhere and in .htaccess
when AllowOverride isn't None
RLimitNPROC (core.c)
soft/hard limits for max number of processes per uid
Allowed in *.conf anywhere and in .htaccess
when AllowOverride isn't None
LimitInternalRecursion (core.c)
maximum recursion depth of internal redirects and subrequests
Allowed in *.conf only outside , or
ForceType (core.c)
a mime type that overrides other configured type
Allowed in *.conf anywhere and in .htaccess
when AllowOverride includes FileInfo
SetHandler (core.c)
a handler name that overrides any other configured handler
Allowed in *.conf anywhere and in .htaccess
when AllowOverride includes FileInfo
SetOutputFilter (core.c)
filter (or ; delimited list of filters) to be run on the request content
Allowed in *.conf anywhere and in .htaccess
when AllowOverride includes FileInfo
SetInputFilter (core.c)
filter (or ; delimited list of filters) to be run on the request body
Allowed in *.conf anywhere and in .htaccess
when AllowOverride includes FileInfo
AddOutputFilterByType (core.c)
output filter name followed by one or more content-types
Allowed in *.conf anywhere and in .htaccess
when AllowOverride includes FileInfo
AllowEncodedSlashes (core.c)
Allow URLs containing '/' encoded as '%2F'
Allowed in *.conf only outside , or
PidFile (core.c)
A file for logging the server process ID
Allowed in *.conf only outside , or
ScoreBoardFile (core.c)
A file for Apache to maintain runtime process management information
Allowed in *.conf only outside , or
LockFile (core.c)
The lockfile used when Apache needs to lock the accept() call
Allowed in *.conf only outside , or
MaxRequestsPerChild (core.c)
Maximum number of requests a particular child serves before dying.
Allowed in *.conf only outside , or
CoreDumpDirectory (core.c)
The location of the directory Apache changes to before dumping core
Allowed in *.conf only outside , or
AcceptMutex (core.c)
Valid accept mutexes for this platform and MPM are: default, flock, fcntl, sysvsem, posixsem.
Allowed in *.conf only outside , or
MaxMemFree (core.c)
Maximum number of 1k blocks a particular childs allocator may hold.
Allowed in *.conf only outside , or
TraceEnable (core.c)
'on' (default), 'off' or 'extended' to trace request body content
Allowed in *.conf only outside , or
Suexec (core.c)
Enable or disable suEXEC support
Allowed in *.conf only outside , or
User (prefork.c)
Effective user id for this server
Allowed in *.conf only outside , or
Group (prefork.c)
Effective group id for this server
Allowed in *.conf only outside , or
ChrootDir (prefork.c)
The directory to chroot(2) into
Allowed in *.conf only outside , or
ListenBacklog (prefork.c)
Maximum length of the queue of pending connections, as used by listen(2)
Allowed in *.conf only outside , or
Listen (prefork.c)
A port number or a numeric IP address and a port number, and an optional protocol
Allowed in *.conf only outside , or
SendBufferSize (prefork.c)
Send buffer size in bytes
Allowed in *.conf only outside , or
ReceiveBufferSize (prefork.c)
Receive buffer size in bytes
Allowed in *.conf only outside , or
StartServers (prefork.c)
Number of child processes launched at server startup
Allowed in *.conf only outside , or
MinSpareServers (prefork.c)
Minimum number of idle children, to handle request spikes
Allowed in *.conf only outside , or
MaxSpareServers (prefork.c)
Maximum number of idle children
Allowed in *.conf only outside , or
MaxClients (prefork.c)
Maximum number of children alive at the same time
Allowed in *.conf only outside , or
ServerLimit (prefork.c)
Maximum value of MaxClients for this run of Apache
Allowed in *.conf only outside , or
GracefulShutdownTimeout (prefork.c)
Maximum time in seconds to wait for child processes to complete transactions during shutdown
Allowed in *.conf only outside , or
KeepAliveTimeout (http_core.c)
Keep-Alive timeout duration (sec)
Allowed in *.conf only outside , or
MaxKeepAliveRequests (http_core.c)
Maximum number of Keep-Alive requests per connection, or 0 for infinite
Allowed in *.conf only outside , or
KeepAlive (http_core.c)
Whether persistent connections should be On or Off
Allowed in *.conf only outside , or
LoadModule (mod_so.c)
a module name and the name of a shared object file to load it from
Allowed in *.conf only outside , or
LoadFile (mod_so.c)
shared object file or library to load into the server at runtime
Allowed in *.conf only outside , or
-L은 현재 httpd가 인식하는 설정 지시어와 해당 지시어를 제공하는 모듈을 출력합니다. 설정 파일에서 어떤 지시어를 사용할 수 있는지 확인하거나, 특정 지시어가 어느 모듈에 속하는지 확인할 때 참고할 수 있습니다.
함께 확인하면 좋은 옵션
설정을 수정한 뒤에는 실제로 서비스를 재시작하기 전에 문법 검사를 먼저 실행하는 것이 좋습니다. httpd -t는 설정 파일의 문법을 검사하고 문제가 없으면 Syntax OK를 출력합니다.
$ httpd -t Syntax OK
정리하면, 단순 버전 확인은 -v, 빌드 옵션과 기본 경로 확인은 -V, 로드된 모듈 확인은 -M, 정적으로 컴파일된 모듈 확인은 -l, 설정 지시어 확인은 -L을 사용하면 됩니다.